Membranes in non-aqueous redox flow battery: A review

Redox flow battery (RFB) is promising in grid-scale energy storage, and potentially applicable for facilitating the harvest of intermittent renewable power sources, like wind solar, stabilizing grid. Early RFBs are based on aqueous electrolytes all-vanadium as well Zn/Br systems have been demonstrated close commercial scale. Non-aqueous (NARFBs) second-generation batteries organic solvent which much wider electrochemical window, thus possible higher density, temperature window than those systems. As a crucial component NARFBs, membrane serves to prevent crossover positive negative active species whilst transfer supporting electrolyte ions. However, membranes utilized state-of-the-art publications still need great improvements performance. In this article, fundamentals, classifications, performances NARFB introduced. The recent progresses challenges innovation summarized. A perspective near future developments presented. composite likely direction forward development technologies. • first review article NARFBs. Ion mechanism mathematical models Strategies improve performance NARFBs proposed.